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Top Cities to Visit in Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan, nestled in the Caucasus region, boasts a rich history that spans thousands of years. Its ancient cities tell stories of cultural, economic, and political importance—from bustling Silk Road trading hubs to magnificent fortified citadels.

Travelers can experience the best of Azerbaijan, from the lively capital city of Baku with its modern skyline and historic Old City to the charming town of Sheki, known for its palaces and cultural treasures. To begin your journey, don’t forget to apply for Azerbaijan eVisa online, a quick and convenient process that ensures smooth entry into the country.

Let’s explore the highlights of each city and discover why Azerbaijan is a destination worth remembering.

1. Baku as the city of winds

Baku, Azerbaijan

Baku, the capital city, is a lively place where you can find modern skyscrapers right next to historical landmarks. The Inner City is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and it is this amazing mediaeval walled area that has the stunning Palace of the Shirvanshahs and the famous Maiden Tower. These amazing structures give us a really interesting look at Baku's history as a lively trading centre and a hub of Islamic culture.

Historical Gems

  • Old City: Meander through the narrow, winding streets of the walled Old City, taking in the traditional architecture and historic buildings.
  • Palace of the Shirvanshahs: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this palace highlights the rich history of the Shirvanshah dynasty.
  • Maiden Tower: This iconic 12th-century tower offers stunning panoramic views of the city and is a symbol of Baku.

Maiden Tower, Baku, Azerbaijan

Cultural Highlights

  • Flame Towers: These futuristic skyscrapers are illuminated by LED screens that depict flickering flames, symbolising Azerbaijan's oil heritage.
  • Azerbaijan Carpet Museum: Delve into the intricate art of Azerbaijani carpet weaving as you explore a vast collection of historical carpets.

Carpet Museum, Baku, Azerbaijan

Leisure and Entertainment

  • Fountain Square: Experience vibrant dining, shopping, and people-watching in this lively public square.

Fountain Square, Baku, Azerbaijan

  • Milli Park Promenade: Enjoy a leisurely stroll along the Caspian Sea while taking in the beautiful seaside views.
  • Gobustan National Park: Gobustan National Park is a stunning natural treasure, famous for its ancient petroglyphs and unique mud volcanoes. Spot wildlife like deer, goats, bulls, and horses as you wander through the park’s natural beauty.

2. Sheki: The Silk Road City

Sheki, in northeastern Azerbaijan, was a Silk Road halt. Traditional crafts like silk weaving and woodcarving make Sheki famous, along with its architecture. Visitors can browse the city’s workshops and markets for unique gifts from the region's rich culture.

Sheki, Azerbaijan

Palaces & Fortresses

  • Sheki Khan’s Palace:In the city’s historic heart stands Sheki Khan's Palace, a majestic Azerbaijani building. The palace showcases local artists' skills with its detailed carvings, vibrant frescoes, and magnificent gardens.
  • Sheki Fortress: Surrounding the Khan's Palace, this historic fortress was built in the 18th century for defense. You can walk along its restored walls and see the old watchtowers.

Wall of Sheki Fortress, Azerbaijan

  • Shekikhanovs' Palace (Winter Palace): A lesser-known but equally beautiful palace that belonged to a noble family. It features similar stunning interior murals and traditional Sheki architecture.

Commercial & Cultural Hubs

  • Sheki Caravanserai: These ancient inns were vital stops for Silk Road merchants, providing rest and a place to trade. The Upper Caravanserai has been converted into a unique hotel, where you can still feel the history.
  • Historic Centre of Sheki: A UNESCO-listed area with charming cobblestone streets and traditional houses. This old town reflects the city’s history as a major craft and trade centre.
  • Sheki Bazaar: A bustling local market where you can find fresh produce, traditional goods, and local delicacies. It is the best place to buy the famous Sheki halva.

Traditional Sheki Scarf in a Shop

Religious & Museum Sites

  • Juma Mosque: Located in the city’s old town, this 18th-century mosque is one of the oldest in the area. It showcases classic Islamic architecture with its stone structure and minaret.

Juma Mosque, Azerbaijan

  • Sheki Museum of Folk and Applied Arts: Situated inside the Sheki Fortress, this museum displays traditional local crafts. It is a great place to see the art of ‘shebeke’ and other intricate decorative arts.

3. Naftalan: Azerbaijan's Unique Oil Resort

Naftalan is a charming city located at the base of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains, widely known for its therapeutic oil springs. This distinctive destination merges natural beauty with healing benefits, making it a sought-after spot for wellness seekers.

Naftalan Oil Therapy

Experience Naftalan Oil Therapy

Discover the healing benefits of Naftalan’s “magic oil”, which is believed to treat various conditions, including arthritis, skin diseases, and over 70 other ailments.

Indulge in Balneo Treatments

Enjoy therapeutic baths, known as balneo treatments, at the city’s extensive 1000-bed Therapeutic Centers.

Explore the History of Naftalan Oil

Learn about the rich history of the oil springs, which dates back to the time of Marco Polo and the Germans.

Enjoy a Unique Oil Spa Experience

Naftalan is the only place in the world where spa treatments use oil instead of water, offering a truly one-of-a-kind experience.

Naftalan is best visited late April–early June or mid-September–early November. You can enjoy nice weather and fewer people during these times.

4. Ganja: A City with a Rich History

Tourists at Blue Lake near Ganja, Azerbaijan

Ganja, Azerbaijan’s second-largest city, boasts a history that dates back to the 8th century. Ganja is a hub for producing Azeri tea, a beloved beverage in Azerbaijan. Visitors can explore local tea plantations and discover the fascinating tea-making process.

Architectural and Historical Sites

  • Nizami Ganjavi Mausoleum: A modern granite mausoleum dedicated to the 12th-century poet, Nizami Ganjavi. It is surrounded by a scenic park with statues from his famous poems.

Nizami Ganjavi in Ganja city

  • Juma Mosque (Shah Abbas Mosque): This prominent 17th-century mosque in the city center is an example of classic Azerbaijani architecture, featuring a striking red brick facade and a large white dome.
  • Imamzadeh Complex: A significant religious complex and pilgrimage site, this area is known for the stunning mausoleum of Imam Ibrahim. Its most recognisable feature is the magnificent blue-tiled dome.
  • Bottle House: A quirky and unique private home constructed from nearly 50,000 glass bottles. It stands as a creative memorial built by a local resident for his missing brother.

Bottle House, Ganja

  • Javad Khan Street: The vibrant main pedestrian street in the city centre. This bustling area is lined with historic buildings, shops, and cafes, perfect for a leisurely stroll.

Natural Attractions

  • Lake Goygol: A stunning, deep blue mountain lake located about an hour's drive from Ganja. It is a key natural attraction and the centerpiece of the protected Goygol National Park.

Lake Goygol, Ganja, Azerbaijan

  • Heydar Aliyev Park Complex: One of the largest parks in the Caucasus, this expansive green space is ideal for recreation. The park features a monumental Triumphal Arch, an artificial lake, and beautifully maintained grounds.

5. Nakhchivan: A Land of Ancient Civilizations

Nakhchivan, an autonomous republic within Azerbaijan, is steeped in rich history. The city features the Nakhchivan Fortress, a mediaeval citadel that provides stunning panoramic views of the surrounding landscape. Within the fortress lies the Juma Mosque, one of the oldest mosques in the region.

Key Historical and Cultural Sites

  • Momine Khatun Mausoleum: A stunning 12th-century monument and a masterpiece of Azerbaijani architecture, known for its intricate decorative patterns.
  • Nakhchivan/Alinja Castle: A challenging but rewarding climb to a medieval fortress, offering breathtaking panoramic views and a sense of historical grandeur.

Alinja Castle, Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan

  • Ashabi-Kahf (Seven Sleepers Cave): A sacred pilgrimage site with deep religious significance, believed to be the refuge of the "Seven Sleepers".
  • Noah’s Mausoleum: The legendary burial place of the biblical Prophet Noah, a site of significant cultural and historical importance.
  • Duzdag Salt Cave Therapy Center: A unique health resort located within a salt mine, known for its therapeutic properties for respiratory conditions.
  • Ordubad: A well-preserved historical town that offers a glimpse into traditional Azerbaijani urban life, with its narrow streets and cultural heritage.
  • Gamigaya: An important archaeological site featuring ancient petroglyphs and rock carvings, providing a window into the region’s prehistoric past.

6. Lankaran: A Coastal Gem

Lankaran, situated on the shore of the Caspian Sea, is known for its vibrant tea plantations and stunning natural beauty.

Historical and Cultural Sites

  • Lankaran Fortress and Lighthouse: See the 18th-century fortress and its historic lighthouse. Once on the coast, the lighthouse is now inland due to the Caspian Sea’s receding waters.
  • Khan’s House (Lankaran Museum of History and Ethnography): Visit this museum, built by French architects in 1912. It was originally a local khan’s residence and now showcases a collection of artefacts and traditional clothing.

Lankaran Fortress

Nature and Outdoors

  • Hirkan National Park: This UNESCO World Heritage site is a haven for biodiversity, featuring ancient Hirkan forests and a key habitat for the endangered Persian leopard.
  • Black-Sand Beaches: Relax on the unique black volcanic sand beaches along the Caspian Sea. The sand is believed to have therapeutic properties.

Hirkan National Park, Lankaran, Azerbaijan

Local Experiences

  • Try Local Cuisine: A must-try is lavangi, a flavourful dish of chicken or fish stuffed with walnuts, onions, and plum paste.
  • Tea Plantations: The region is renowned for its tea. You can visit plantations to learn about the cultivation and production process and experience Azerbaijani tea culture firsthand.
  • Local Bazaars: Explore the city’s markets, known as the “Big” and “Small” bazaars, to find organic products, fresh produce, and local handicrafts.

7. Quba: A Land of Apple Orchards

Located in the northern part of Azerbaijan. Quba is known for its picturesque apple orchards and stunning natural scenery. It’s the perfect place to enjoy fresh air and take in the peaceful, scenic atmosphere of the region.

Ripe Apple Ready for Picking

Top Places to Visit 

  • Quba Old Town: Stroll through the charming Quba Old Town, with its traditional wooden houses and cobblestone streets that give it a timeless feel. 
  • Sakina-Khanum Mosque: A truly beautiful and historic mosque, the Sakina-Khanum Mosque was built in the 19th century by a prominent local woman in memory of her late husband.
  • Historic Qadim Mosque: This mosque is one of the oldest in the Quba region. Its traditional architecture and historical significance make it a key cultural landmark.

8. Shusha: The Cultural Capital

The City of Shusha, Azerbaijan

Shusha, in the Nagorno-Karabakh region, is a cultural hub of Azerbaijani heritage. Shusha is also known for its traditional mugham music, a distinctive Azerbaijani art form that enriches the city’s cultural landscape.

Top Places to Visit

  • House-Museum of Bulbul: The former home of the famous Azerbaijani opera singer Bulbul, this museum is dedicated to his life and work.
  • Shusha Carpet Museum: This museum showcases the rich history and art of Azerbaijani carpet weaving, a significant part of the region's cultural heritage.
  • Vagif Mausoleum: This impressive monument is a tribute to Molla Panah Vagif, an 18th-century Azerbaijani poet and statesman.

Vagif's Mausoleum, Shusha, Azerbaijan

  • Natavan House: The historic residence of Khurshidbanu Natavan, a renowned Azerbaijani poetess.
  • Jidir Duzu: A hillside park offering breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding area.
  • Yukhari Govhar Agha Mosque: A historic mosque that is a significant cultural landmark in the city.

9. Guba: A Gateway to the Mountains 

Guba, a city nestled in the Caucasus Mountains, is known for its stunning landscapes and outdoor adventures. Breathe in the fresh mountain air, savour local produce, and experience the warm hospitality of the region.

Top Places to Visit

Guba, Azerbaijan

  • Khinalig: Visitors can hike to Khinalig, an ancient village and one of the highest inhabited settlements in the Caucasus.
  • Guba Genocide Memorial Complex: A historical site that provides a poignant look into the tragic events of the region's past.
  • Red Village (Krasnaya Sloboda): Explore this unique settlement, home to a community of Mountain Jews. It is located across the river from Guba and is known for its beautiful villas and synagogues.
  • Afurja Waterfall: This beautiful waterfall, about 75 metres high, is a popular natural wonder to visit. It is known for its spectacular views and serene atmosphere.

Afurja Waterfall is in Northern Azerbaijan

  • Guba Handmade Carpet Factory: Guba is a famous centre for carpet weaving. At this factory, you can see local women practice the ancient craft and even buy a unique handmade souvenir.

10. Shamakhi: A Historical Capital Cradled by the Caucasus Mountains

Shamakhi, a historic city in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, is renowned for its ancient architecture and natural beauty. 

Top Places to Visit

Shamakhi

  • Juma Mosque: This is one of the oldest and most revered mosques in all of Azerbaijan. Its impressive architecture and historical significance make it a must-see for anyone interested in the country's rich heritage.
  • Diri Baba Mausoleum: Carved into a cliff face, this unique mausoleum is an architectural marvel. It is a pilgrimage site for many, believed to hold the remains of a saintly figure.

Diri Baba Mausoleum, Maraza, Gobustan, Azerbaijan

  • Yeddi Gumbez Mausoleums: Yeddi Gumbez Mausoleums, the "Seven Domes," are the Shirvan Khans' final resting place. The partially damaged structures reveal the region's regal heritage and give a peaceful, meditative mood.
  • Shamakhi-Gabala Road: This path offers stunning views of the Caucasus Mountains and lush landscapes. The drive is ideal for admiring the area’s natural splendour and is popular with photographers.

11. Nabran: Azerbaijan's Summer Haven

Nabran, a scenic resort town along the Caspian Sea coast, is often called the "summer capital" of Azerbaijan. Known for its vibrant atmosphere, it is the perfect getaway for relaxation and fun-filled activities.

Coast of Caspian Sea at Nabran

Things to Do While in Nabran

  • Experience Nightlife: Dance the night away at lively clubs, complete with DJ music and refreshing drinks.
  • Witness Stunning Sunrises: Catch breathtaking sunrises over the Caspian Sea, a magical experience to start your day.
  • Relax on Pristine Beaches: Enjoy long, sandy beaches with some of Azerbaijan’s clearest waters.
  • Indulge in Comfortable Accommodations: Choose from luxurious hotels, private cottages, or cozy boarding houses to suit your style and budget.
  • Family-Friendly Entertainment: Keep kids entertained at entertainment centres offering fun activities for all ages.
  • Get Active: Stay active with options at the Aqua Park and Sports Complex, from swimming to sports.

The best time to visit Nabran is during the summer months, from May to July, when the weather is ideal and warm for beach activities and outdoor adventures.

Advice for Visiting the Ancient Cities of Azerbaijan

Here are some pointers to help you make the most of these historic locations and understand their significance.

  • Make Travel Plans: Do your homework on the cities you wish to visit and adjust your schedule accordingly.
  • Book Accommodation in Advance: For a more immersive experience, think about booking accommodation at historic hotels or guesthouses.
  • Book a Guide: A local guide can provide insightful guidance regarding the history and culture of the cities you visit
  • Learn Some Basic Phrases in Azerbaijani: Gaining proficiency in a few fundamental phrases can improve your communication with locals.
  • Observe Local Traditions: Wear modest clothing and pay attention to regional traditions and customs.
  • Sample the Local Cuisine: Fresh ingredients and fragrant spices are key components of Azerbaijan's delectable cuisine. Don't pass up the chance to try regional cuisine like baklava, dolma, and kebabs.

Content Disclaimer: Information last updated September 2025. Check local tourism offices or official sites for current conditions and site access before visiting.

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